See -stʾn' on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bōyestān",
"word": "bwdstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bārestān",
"word": "bʾlstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Čīnestān",
"word": "cynstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "daxmagestān",
"word": "dhmkstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dibīrestān",
"word": "dpyrstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dādestān",
"word": "dʾtstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōstān",
"word": "gwstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ham-dādestān",
"word": "hmdʾtstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Hindūstān",
"word": "hndwstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Hūzestān",
"word": "hwcstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Hūzestān",
"word": "𐭧𐭥𐭰𐭮𐭲𐭭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hērbedestān",
"word": "hylptstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nayestān",
"word": "KNYAstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "šahrestān",
"word": "MDYNA"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "frahangestān",
"word": "plʾhngstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Sagestān",
"word": "skstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Sōgestān",
"word": "swkwstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Tabarestān",
"word": "tplstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Turkestān",
"word": "twlkstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tābestān",
"word": "tʾp̄stʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "šabestān",
"word": "špstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Asōrestān",
"word": "ʾswlstʾn'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Asōrestān",
"word": "𐭠𐭮𐭥𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zamestān",
"word": "ẕmstʾn'"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "sitān",
"word": "ستان"
},
{
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-estân",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-stân",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "setân",
"word": "ستان"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "-iston",
"word": "-истон"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "-ston",
"word": "-стон"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "-siton",
"word": "-ситон"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-ստան"
},
{
"lang": "Assamese",
"lang_code": "as",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-স্তান"
},
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-istan"
},
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-স্তান"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "-istan",
"word": "ـىستان"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "-iston"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stʾn",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sītǎn",
"word": "斯坦"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-istan"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-stan"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-sṭani",
"word": "-სტანი"
},
{
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "-ઇસ્તાન"
},
{
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "-સ્તાન"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "-इस्तान"
},
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "-स्तान"
},
{
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "ـِسْتان"
},
{
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "ـسْتان"
}
],
"lang": "Hindustani",
"lang_code": "unknown",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-sthānŭ",
"word": "-സ്ഥാന്"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "-istan"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-istan",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gurmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "-ਇਸਤਾਨ"
},
{
"lang": "Gurmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "-ਸਤਾਨ"
},
{
"lang": "Shahmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "ـِسْتان"
},
{
"lang": "Shahmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "ـسْتان"
}
],
"lang": "Punjabi",
"lang_code": "pa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-istan",
"word": "-истан"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Sindhi",
"lang_code": "sd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-istānu",
"word": "ـِسْتَانُ"
},
{
"lang": "Sindhi",
"lang_code": "sd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stānu",
"word": "ـسْتانُ"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-istán"
},
{
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stāṉ",
"word": "-ஸ்தான்"
},
{
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-istan"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-cls",
"roman": "-istân",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "sitān",
"word": "ستان"
},
{
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-estân",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-stân",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "setân",
"word": "ستان"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "-iston",
"word": "-истон"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "-ston",
"word": "-стон"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "-siton",
"word": "-ситон"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-ստան"
},
{
"lang": "Assamese",
"lang_code": "as",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-স্তান"
},
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-istan"
},
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-স্তান"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "-istan",
"word": "ـىستان"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "-iston"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stʾn",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sītǎn",
"word": "斯坦"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-istan"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-stan"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-sṭani",
"word": "-სტანი"
},
{
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "-ઇસ્તાન"
},
{
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "-સ્તાન"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "-इस्तान"
},
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "-स्तान"
},
{
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "ـِسْتان"
},
{
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "ـسْتان"
}
],
"lang": "Hindustani",
"lang_code": "unknown",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-sthānŭ",
"word": "-സ്ഥാന്"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "-istan"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-istan",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gurmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "-ਇਸਤਾਨ"
},
{
"lang": "Gurmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "-ਸਤਾਨ"
},
{
"lang": "Shahmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "ـِسْتان"
},
{
"lang": "Shahmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "ـسْتان"
}
],
"lang": "Punjabi",
"lang_code": "pa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-istan",
"word": "-истан"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Sindhi",
"lang_code": "sd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-istānu",
"word": "ـِسْتَانُ"
},
{
"lang": "Sindhi",
"lang_code": "sd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stānu",
"word": "ـسْتانُ"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-istán"
},
{
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stāṉ",
"word": "-ஸ்தான்"
},
{
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-istan"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-cls",
"roman": "-sân",
"word": "ـسان"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴",
"𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴#Old_Persian"
],
[
"*stā́nam",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/stā́nam"
],
[
"𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀",
"𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀#Avestan"
],
[
"*stáHnam",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/stáHnam"
],
[
"स्थान",
"स्थान#Sanskrit"
],
[
"*steh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steh₂-"
],
[
"-ստան",
"-ստան#Old_Armenian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "iir-pro:*stáHnam<id:position>",
"id": "noun",
"pos": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"action nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*stáHnam\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Persian\", \"term\" : \"-stʾn'\", \"lang\" : \"pal\" }\" data-id=\"noun\" data-lang=\"pal\" data-title=\"-stʾn'\" id=\"Middle_Persian:_noun\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "peo",
"3": "𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴",
"ts": "stāna"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /stāna/)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*stā́nam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *stā́nam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*stáHnam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáHnam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्थान",
"tr": "sthā́na"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्थान (sthā́na)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "-ստան"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian -ստան (-stan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /stāna/), from Proto-Iranian *stā́nam (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáHnam (compare Sanskrit स्थान (sthā́na)), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”). Compare Old Armenian -ստան (-stan), an Iranian borrowing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-estān",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-𐭮𐭲𐭭",
"roman": "-stn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ystʾʾn",
"roman": "-estān",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Manichaean"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "suffix",
"sc": "Phlv",
"tr": "-estān"
},
"expansion": "-stʾn' • (-estān)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Assyria, Persian Mesopotamia",
"roman": "Asōrestān",
"text": "ʾswlstʾn'",
"translation": "Assyria, Persian Mesopotamia",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "India",
"roman": "Hindūstān",
"text": "hndwstʾn'",
"translation": "India",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "China",
"roman": "Čīnestān",
"text": "cynstʾn'",
"translation": "China",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cemetery",
"roman": "daxmagestān",
"text": "dhmkstʾn'",
"translation": "cemetery",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "school",
"roman": "dibīrestān",
"text": "dpyrstʾn'",
"translation": "school",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"makes nouns of places"
],
"id": "en--stʾn'-pal-suffix-~NYtz-zR",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "winter",
"roman": "Zamestān",
"text": "ẕmstʾn'",
"translation": "winter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "law",
"roman": "dādestān",
"text": "dʾtstʾn'",
"translation": "law",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "patient, resigned",
"roman": "bārestān",
"text": "bʾlstʾn'",
"translation": "patient, resigned",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"of indeterminate function"
],
"id": "en--stʾn'-pal-suffix-ZiSB2aqL",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-stʾn'"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian entries with etymon",
"Middle Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Persian lemmas",
"Middle Persian suffixes",
"Middle Persian terms derived from Old Persian",
"Middle Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Middle Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Middle Persian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-",
"Middle Persian terms inherited from Old Persian",
"Middle Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Middle Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian",
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "bōyestān",
"word": "bwdstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "bārestān",
"word": "bʾlstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "Čīnestān",
"word": "cynstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "daxmagestān",
"word": "dhmkstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "dibīrestān",
"word": "dpyrstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "dādestān",
"word": "dʾtstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "gōstān",
"word": "gwstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "ham-dādestān",
"word": "hmdʾtstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "Hindūstān",
"word": "hndwstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "Hūzestān",
"word": "hwcstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "Hūzestān",
"word": "𐭧𐭥𐭰𐭮𐭲𐭭"
},
{
"roman": "hērbedestān",
"word": "hylptstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "nayestān",
"word": "KNYAstʾn'"
},
{
"alt": "šahrestān",
"word": "MDYNA"
},
{
"roman": "frahangestān",
"word": "plʾhngstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "Sagestān",
"word": "skstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "Sōgestān",
"word": "swkwstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "Tabarestān",
"word": "tplstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "Turkestān",
"word": "twlkstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "tābestān",
"word": "tʾp̄stʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "šabestān",
"word": "špstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "Asōrestān",
"word": "ʾswlstʾn'"
},
{
"roman": "Asōrestān",
"word": "𐭠𐭮𐭥𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭭"
},
{
"roman": "zamestān",
"word": "ẕmstʾn'"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "sitān",
"word": "ستان"
},
{
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-estân",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-stân",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "setân",
"word": "ستان"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "-iston",
"word": "-истон"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "-ston",
"word": "-стон"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "-siton",
"word": "-ситон"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-ստան"
},
{
"lang": "Assamese",
"lang_code": "as",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-স্তান"
},
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-istan"
},
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-স্তান"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "-istan",
"word": "ـىستان"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "-iston"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stʾn",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sītǎn",
"word": "斯坦"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-istan"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-stan"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-sṭani",
"word": "-სტანი"
},
{
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "-ઇસ્તાન"
},
{
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "-સ્તાન"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "-इस्तान"
},
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "-स्तान"
},
{
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "ـِسْتان"
},
{
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "ـسْتان"
}
],
"lang": "Hindustani",
"lang_code": "unknown",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-sthānŭ",
"word": "-സ്ഥാന്"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "-istan"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-istan",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gurmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "-ਇਸਤਾਨ"
},
{
"lang": "Gurmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "-ਸਤਾਨ"
},
{
"lang": "Shahmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "ـِسْتان"
},
{
"lang": "Shahmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "ـسْتان"
}
],
"lang": "Punjabi",
"lang_code": "pa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-istan",
"word": "-истан"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Sindhi",
"lang_code": "sd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-istānu",
"word": "ـِسْتَانُ"
},
{
"lang": "Sindhi",
"lang_code": "sd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stānu",
"word": "ـسْتانُ"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-istán"
},
{
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stāṉ",
"word": "-ஸ்தான்"
},
{
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-istan"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-cls",
"roman": "-istân",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "sitān",
"word": "ستان"
},
{
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-estân",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-stân",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "setân",
"word": "ستان"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "-iston",
"word": "-истон"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "-ston",
"word": "-стон"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "-siton",
"word": "-ситон"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-ստան"
},
{
"lang": "Assamese",
"lang_code": "as",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-স্তান"
},
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-istan"
},
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-স্তান"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "-istan",
"word": "ـىستان"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "-iston"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stʾn",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sītǎn",
"word": "斯坦"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-istan"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-stan"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-sṭani",
"word": "-სტანი"
},
{
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "-ઇસ્તાન"
},
{
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "-સ્તાન"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "-इस्तान"
},
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "-स्तान"
},
{
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "ـِسْتان"
},
{
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "ـسْتان"
}
],
"lang": "Hindustani",
"lang_code": "unknown",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-sthānŭ",
"word": "-സ്ഥാന്"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "-istan"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-istan",
"word": "ـستان"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gurmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "-ਇਸਤਾਨ"
},
{
"lang": "Gurmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "-ਸਤਾਨ"
},
{
"lang": "Shahmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "-istān",
"word": "ـِسْتان"
},
{
"lang": "Shahmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "-stān",
"word": "ـسْتان"
}
],
"lang": "Punjabi",
"lang_code": "pa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-istan",
"word": "-истан"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Sindhi",
"lang_code": "sd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-istānu",
"word": "ـِسْتَانُ"
},
{
"lang": "Sindhi",
"lang_code": "sd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stānu",
"word": "ـسْتانُ"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-istán"
},
{
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stāṉ",
"word": "-ஸ்தான்"
},
{
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-stan",
"word": "-стан"
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-istan"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-cls",
"roman": "-sân",
"word": "ـسان"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴",
"𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴#Old_Persian"
],
[
"*stā́nam",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/stā́nam"
],
[
"𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀",
"𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀#Avestan"
],
[
"*stáHnam",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/stáHnam"
],
[
"स्थान",
"स्थान#Sanskrit"
],
[
"*steh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steh₂-"
],
[
"-ստան",
"-ստան#Old_Armenian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "iir-pro:*stáHnam<id:position>",
"id": "noun",
"pos": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"action nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*stáHnam\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Persian\", \"term\" : \"-stʾn'\", \"lang\" : \"pal\" }\" data-id=\"noun\" data-lang=\"pal\" data-title=\"-stʾn'\" id=\"Middle_Persian:_noun\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "peo",
"3": "𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴",
"ts": "stāna"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /stāna/)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*stā́nam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *stā́nam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*stáHnam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáHnam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्थान",
"tr": "sthā́na"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्थान (sthā́na)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "-ստան"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian -ստան (-stan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /stāna/), from Proto-Iranian *stā́nam (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáHnam (compare Sanskrit स्थान (sthā́na)), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”). Compare Old Armenian -ստան (-stan), an Iranian borrowing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-estān",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-𐭮𐭲𐭭",
"roman": "-stn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ystʾʾn",
"roman": "-estān",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Manichaean"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "suffix",
"sc": "Phlv",
"tr": "-estān"
},
"expansion": "-stʾn' • (-estān)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Assyria, Persian Mesopotamia",
"roman": "Asōrestān",
"text": "ʾswlstʾn'",
"translation": "Assyria, Persian Mesopotamia",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "India",
"roman": "Hindūstān",
"text": "hndwstʾn'",
"translation": "India",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "China",
"roman": "Čīnestān",
"text": "cynstʾn'",
"translation": "China",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cemetery",
"roman": "daxmagestān",
"text": "dhmkstʾn'",
"translation": "cemetery",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "school",
"roman": "dibīrestān",
"text": "dpyrstʾn'",
"translation": "school",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"makes nouns of places"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "winter",
"roman": "Zamestān",
"text": "ẕmstʾn'",
"translation": "winter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "law",
"roman": "dādestān",
"text": "dʾtstʾn'",
"translation": "law",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "patient, resigned",
"roman": "bārestān",
"text": "bʾlstʾn'",
"translation": "patient, resigned",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"of indeterminate function"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-stʾn'"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -stʾn' meaning in All languages combined (14.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.